RISE OF THE MARATHAS

I.Choose the correct answer:

1. The tutor ofShivaji was Deelaji Khonda dev

a) Dadaji Khondadev               b) Shahji Bohnsh        c)Baji Rao

2. Shivaji had acouncil of 8 ministers called “Ashtapradhan”.

a) 7                               b) 8                           c) 9

3. The first peshwawas Balaji Viswanath

a) Balaji Viswanath      b) Balaji Baji rao          c) baji Rao

4. Treaty ofPurandhar was signed between Raja jai singh and Shivaji

a) Raja Jaisingh                        b) Afzal khan              c) Shaistakhan

5. To subdueShimiji the Sultan of Bijapur sent Afzal Khan

a) Afzal Khan              b) Sayistakhan                         c) Sherkhan

6. I A.D.1674,Shivaji got himself coronated at Raigash

a) Durandhar               b) Jorna                       c) Raigash

7. Shivaji did at Raigash

a) Purandhar                b) Torna                       c) Raigash

8. During Shivaji’speriod justice was administered according to Hindu laws

a) Hindu laws              b) Sikh laws                 c) Muslim laws

9. The greatest ofthe pashwas was Baji Rao

a) BalajiVishwanath    b) Baji Rao      c) Balaji baji Rao

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. The Marathas adopted Gverilla warfare.

2. The sultan of Bijapur sent Afzalkhan toSubdue Shivaji.

3. The Prime Minister of the Maratha Empirewas called Peshwa.

4. After Aurangazeb’s death Bahadur Shah becamethe Mughal Emperor.

5. The territory ruled by Shivaji was knownwas Swarajya.

6. Guerilla warfare means Irregularwarfare.

7. Shivaji father was Shahaji Bonslo.

8. Shivaji assumed the title Chahapati at Raigash.

9. Zamindari system was abolished by Shivaji.

III.Match the following.

1. Baji Rao – a)Persia

2. Nadir Shah – b)Ashtapradhan

3. Nyaadhish – c)King of Afghanistan

4. Ahmed ShahAbdhali – d) Forward policy

Ans: 1 d,2 a,3 b,4 c

IV. Answer in one word:-

1. When was the third battle of Panipatfought?

Ans : 1761

2. In which year did Nadir Shah invade India?

Ans : 1739

3. When was the Treaty of Purandhar signed?

Ans : 1665

4. Who was known as “Mountain – Rat?

Ans : Shivaji

5. Where was Shivaji born?

Shiyner hill fort

6. Who was the eldest son of Shivaji?

Sambhaji

7. Who led the Maratha forces in the IIIBattle of panipat?

Sadasiva Rao

8. Who was the third Pashwa?

Balaji baji Rao

9. Who was called the founder of the Peshwarule?

Balaji Viswanath.

V. Answer the following questions:

1. Explain briefly the conflict betweenShivaji and Afzal Khan.

i) To Subdue Shivaji the Sultan of Bijapurdeputed Afzal Khan to bring Shivaji dead or alive.

ii) Shivaji came to know of the treacherousplan of Afzal Khan.

iii) He made preparation to meet Afzal Khan.

iv) At the appointed place Afzal khan met andembraced Shivaji and tightened his grips.

v) With his right hand he tried to killShivaji.

2. How did Shivaji attack Shaista Khan?

i) In 1660 A.D. Aurangazeb sent Sayistakhan,the Governor of Deccan to check the activities of Shivaji.

ii) Sayistakhan camped at Poona.

iii) At night, Shivaji entered the house inthe form of a marriage party and attacked Sayistakhan, who was fast asleep.

iv) Sayistakhan escaped losing his thump.

3. What were the causes for the defeat of theMarathas the third Battle of Panipat?

i) The Maratha’s policy of aggression andplunder brought about their downfall.

ii) The Marathas lost the Sympathies of theirown relionists the Rajputs, the jats and the Sikhs.

iii) Ahmed Shah Abdali’s army was moretrained and disciplined than the Maratha army.

4. Write a note on the invasion of nadirShah.

i) Nadir Shah wanted to Plunder the immensewealth of India.

ii) He also wanted to earn name and fame byconquering the distant territories.

iii) He came to know that India was ruled bya weak and incompetent ruler Muhammad Shah.

iv) So he invaded India in 1739. He capturedPeshwar.

v) Thousands of people killed.

VI. Answer in detail :

1. Narrate the career and achievements ofShivaji.

Early life:

i) Shivaji was born in 1627A.D at Shivnerhill fort near poone.

ii) His father was Shahji Bhonsle. His motherwas Jija bai.

iii) Shahji Bhonsle married Tukabai andneglected his first wife Jijabai and Shivaji.

iv) Hence he was brought up by his tutar andGuru Dadaji Khonda Dev.

v) Hee learned the puranic legends and thestories of the Ramayana and the Mahabharatha throught his mother.

CONQUESTS:

Shivaji conquered the forts of Purandhar,Torna and kalian from the Sultan of Bijapur.

Shivaji,and Bijapur Sultan

i)Shivaji, the Sultan of Bijapur deputed Afzal khan to bring Shivaji dead or alive.

ii)Shivaji came to know of the treacherous plan of Afzal Khan.

iii)He made preparation to meet Afzal khan.

iv)with his right hand, he tried to kill Shivaji.

Shivajiand the Mughals:

i) In 1660 A.D., Aurangazeb sent sayistakhanthe Governor of Deccan to check the activities of Shivaji.

ii) Sayistakhan camped at Poona.

iii) At night, Shivaji entered the house andattacked Saysitakhan, who was fast asleep.

iv) Sayistakhan escaped losing his thumb.

2. Give an account of the maratha empireunder the Peshwas.

i) The Prime Minister of the Maratha Empirewas called the Peshwa.

ii) As the successors of Shivaji became weakthe Peshwas became the actual rules of the Maratha empire.

iii) They proved to be efficientadministrators.

iv) The rule of peshwas started from 1713 A.D

v) Balaji viswanath was the first Peshwa.

PeshwaBalaji viswanath:

(1713 A.D 1720 A.D)

i) Balaji viswanath became the first Peshwaunder the Maratha emperor Sahu.

ii) He was called as the founder of thePeshwa rule.

iii) He made Pershwaship hereditary.

iv) He revived the greatness of theMaratha’s. He died in 1720 A.D.

PeshwaBaji Rao:

(1720 A.D – 1740 A.D)

i) Baji Rao was the son of Peshwa BalajiViswanath.

ii) He became the Peshwa after the death ofhis father.

iii) On account of his great ability he wasregared as the greatest of the Peshwa’s.

iv) He wanted to expand the maratha Power inthe North.

v) He followed a “Forward Policy”.

vi) He compelled the Nizam of Hyderabad tosign a peace treaty.

vii) He died in 1740 A.D.

PeshwaBalaji Baji Rao

(1740 A.D – 1761 A.D)

i) He was the third Pashwa.

ii) He had the able guidance of his cousinsadasiva Rao.

iii) The Maratha Power attained its Zenith in1758 A.D.

iv) In 1761 A.D the Maratha Power reached itsclimax.

v) By the Power of the Marathas came to anend with the third Battle of Panipat in 1761.

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