a) English officers
b) Tipus family c) Robert cline
3. The Governor of
Madras presidency at the time of Vellore sepoy mutiny was_____________
a) William Bentinck b) Cornwallis c) Robert clive
II.
Fill in the blanks:
1. The Indian
Sepoys refused to wear the ___________ which led to the Mutiny.
2. ___________ was
outside the fort when the mutiny started.
3. The mutiny was
suppressed by _____________.
III.
Match the following
1.
Tipu’s son
a) Turban
2.
Agnew
b) Mutineers
3.
Sepoys
c) Bentinck
4.
Governor of Madras
d) Fatch Hyder
IV.
Answer the following
1.
When and where did the Mutiny started?
Vellore in 1806
2.
Why did the Sepoys of Vellore revolt?
i) The strict
discipline, new weapons, new methods and changes in dress code introduced by
the British created resentment among the sepoys.
ii) Hindus were
Prohibited from wearing ornaments like earnings and caste marks on their
forehead.
3.
What was the immediate cause for the revolt?
i) General Agnew introduced
a new turban called Agnew Turban.
ii) The Turban
resembled the European hat.
iii) It bore
different colours affixed by a bodge with the symbol of the cross on it.
4.
Mention the results of the revolt?
i) Many Indian
soldiers were arrested and imprisonment.
ii) Tipu’s family
was taken to Calcutta. They were kept in Prison for more than six years.
iii) The mutiny
revealed the Patriotic and revengeful attitude of the Indians towards the
British.
5.
Why was it called Vellore Mutiny?
The mutiny was called
led by the sepoy of Vellore Mutiny Fort. So it was called the Vellore Mutiny.
6.
Mention some of the names of rebel leaders?
Pulithevan,
Kattabomman and Marudhu brothers.
V.
Detail
1.
What were the causes for Vellore Mutiny?
i) The mutineers
were influenced by the family of Tipu Sultan. They were confined to the Vellore
fort after the death of Tipu Sultan.
ii) The recruitment
of a large number of Indians in the army created suspicion in the minds of the
Indian people.
iii) Most of the
Sepoys were from the Palayams after the death of their great leaders like
Pulithavan, Kattabomman and Marudhu Pandiyar. It left deep scar in the hearts
of the rebels.
iv) The sepoys were
form both Tamil and Kanada speaking regions and they exchanged betel leaf in
order to find themselves together for the attainment of a common goat.
v) The strict
discipline, new weapons new methods and changes in dress code introduced by the
British created a resentment among the sepoys.
vi) Hindus were
prohibited from wearing oranaments like earring and caste marks on their
forehead.
Vii) Those sepoys
who refused to wear the Turban were punished by 500-900 lashes and they were
also terminated form the service.
2.
Trace the course of the mutiny. Why did the mutiny fail?
Course
of the mutiny
i) The mutiny was
instigated by the sons of Tipu Sultan.
ii) They secretly
planned the revolt.
iii) On july 9th
1806, Tipu’s daughter’s wedding celebrations were going on inside the fort.
iv) The Sepoys
gathered there to attend the function.
v) They proclaimed
his son Hyder as the king.
Causes
of the failure of the mutiny
i) There was no
proper leadership
ii) The revolt was
not well organized
iii) The sepoys
could not get support and supplies on time from the native rules.
2. Saraswathy Mahal
was established by _____________
a) Viswanatha Nayak
b) Thirumalai Nayak c) Safoji-II
3. Panchalamkuruchi
was ruled by____________
a) Safoji-II b) Jethupathy c) Kattabomman
4. Vira Pandya
kattabomman was hanged at_________
a) Sivaganga b) Kayatharu c) Kalaiyar Koil
II.
Fill in the blanks:
1. Dalhousie
annexed Tanjavur by applying _____________.
2. Tuljaji
patronized the great Telugu poet __________.
3. Vira Pandya
kattabomman was humiliated by the British collector_________.
4. In the year
______________ kattabomman was hanged.
5. Shivaji led
expedition against ____________ region.
6. _________ was
harsh towards Christians.
7. The Maratha rule
in Thanjavur came to an end is ____________.
8. Marudhu Pandian
was hanged to death in _____________.
5. Umathurai was
impaled at _____________.
III.
Match the following
1. Baskara Dikshit
– a) British collector of Ramnad
2. Jackson – b)
1801
3. South Indian
Rebellion- c) British commander
4. Bannerman – d)
patronized by the Marathas of Thanjavur
IV.
Answer in one word:
1. Who established
the Marathas rule in Thanjavur?
Ans : Venkoji
2. Why was called
Andhra Kalidasa?
Ans : Aluri
Kuppanna
3. Which was the capital
of Katabomman?
Ans –
Panchalamkuruchi
4. When did Vira
Pandya kattabomman come to power?
Ans : A.D 1790
V.
Answer the following questions:
1.
Write a note on Shaji-II?
i) Shaji-II was the
son of venkaji
ii) He was a
brilliant and bale ruler.
iii) He was a great
patron of scholars
2.
Give a brief account on Serfoji-II?
i) Serfoji-II was
the adopted son of Tuljaji
ii) He became the
ruler in 1787 A.D
iii) The English
made Amar singh the ruler.
iv) But during the
time of Wellesley, he was reduced as a pensioner.
3.
Explain the causes for panchalamkuruchi battle.
i) Jackson, the
Ramnad collector tried to arrest kattabomman but kattabomman escaped.
ii) To overthrow
the overlordship of the British, kattabomman made an alliance with marudhu
pandyar of Sivagangai.
iii) Many paligars
joined with kattabomman.
VI.
Detail
1.
Write briefly about virapandiya Kattabomman.
i) Virapandya
Kattabomman was born in A.D1761
ii) He came to
power in A.D.1790
iii) Virapandya
Kattabomman did not pay the tribute regularly and it fell arrears.
iv) Jackson, the
collector of Ramnad asked him to meet and pay the arrears in full.
v) But Kattabomman
disobeyed.
vi) It enraged the
collector later Kattabomman decided to meet the collector.
vii) Jackson tried
to arrest Kattabomman but he escaped with the help of his brother Umathurai.
viii) After this,
Kattabomman decided to over throw the overlordship of the British.
ix) He made an
alliance with Marudhu pandyer of Sivagangai.
2.
Write an essay on south Indian Rebellion.
Causes
i) The company
interfered in the matters of local principalities. It reduced the power and
prestige of the local rulers.
ii) The princes and
the poligars lost their dignity and respectable
status in the
society.
iii) The oppressive
policy in administration. The rude means of collection of taxes and the
superiority complex of the British severely affected the people.
iv) By following
the mercantile policy of gain. They increased taxes and collected it in high –
handed manners.
v) Kattabomman was
humiliated and hanged.
Marudhu
Pandiar and the Southern League:
i) Marudhu Pandiar
was one of the heroes of South Indian rebellion.
ii) When
Kattabomman was hanged to death, he gave protection to Umathurai and others.
iii) Marudhu
Pandiar issued proclamation to all the Indians to Unite against the British.
a) Viswanath Nayak
b) Rani mangammal c) Ragunatha Nayak
Ans : a) Viswanath
Nayak
2. Tower of
Arunachaleswara temple was completed by ____________
a) Thirumalai Nayak
b) Achutappa Nayak c) Vijaya Ragava
Ans : b) Achutappa
Nayak
3. War of the Nosas
took place during the reign of __________
a) Krishnappa Nayak
b) Rani Meenakshi c) Thirumalai Nayak
Ans : c) Thirumalai
Nayak
4. Umarupulawar
wrote _____________
a) Kandar
kalivenbah b) Irruuamaya Vizhakam
c) Serrapuranam
Ans : c)
Serrapuranam
II.
Fill in the blanks:
1. Viswanath Nayak
introduced ______________.
Ans : kaval Pitchai
2. ____________
acted as the regent of Vijayaranga Chokkanadhar.
Ans : Mangammal
3. Rani Meenakshi
was imprisonal by ____________ at the palace at Trichy.
Ans : Chanda Sahib
4. __________
helped Vijayanakar ruler in the battle of Talikotta.
Ans : Achutappa
Nayak
5. ____________ was
taken as the date of Nayakship of Madurai.
Ans : 1529
6. Thirumalai Nayak
shifted his capital from Trichy to __________
Ans : Madurai
7. ____________
conspired against Meenakshi to occupy the throne
Ans : Bangaru
8. Thimmappa Nayak
was succeeded by his son_________.
Ans : Seveppa Nayak
9. Sevappa Nayak
game 10 veli of land to the ____________temple.
Ans : Mulavur
III.
Match the following
1.
Thirumalai Nayak
a) Meygnana Vilakkam
2.
Paranjothiar
b) Seerapuranam
3.
Thiruvenkatam
c) Chidambara puranam
4.
Umarupulavar
d) Chidambarapattial
Ans : 1 – C, 2 – D,
3 – A, 4 – B
1.
Unni Keralavarmam
a) Madurai
2.
Chokkanatha Nayak
b) The ruler of Vijayanagar
3.
Sri Ranga III
c) Sevappaneri
4.
Sadat Ullah Khan
d) Travancore
5.
Shivaganga Lake
e) the ruler of Arcot
Ans : 1 – D, 2 – A,
3 – B, 4 – E, 5 – C
V.
Answer the following questions briefly:
1. Write a short
note on Rani Mangammal.
i) Rani Mangammal
was the wife of Chokkanadhar.
ii) She became a
regent of the 3 years old child Vijayaranga Chokkanadhar.
iii)
Diplomatically, she saved the kingdom.
iv) She encouraged
Christian missionaries.
2.
Write a few on the conflict between clueen meenakshi and chanda Sahib.
i) Meenakshi
adopted Vijaya kumara and started her rule as a regent.
ii) Bangaru was the
father of Vijayakumara. He conspired against Meenakshi to occupy the throne.
iii) She promised
to offer him a crore of rupees.
iv) Then he
imprisoned Meenakshi in her own palace at Trichy.
3.
How was “Ranipet” created?
i) Raja Desingh was
the ruler of Senji.
ii) Sadat Ullah
Khan, the ruler of Arcot invaded Senji.
iii) raja Desingh’s
wife committed sati.
VI. Answer in detail
1. Give an account of Tirumalai Nayak’s rule.
i) Thirumalai Nayak defeated the forces of
Mysore at Dindugul.
ii) Thirumalai Nayak was mainly responsible
for the Muslim attack in Tamil County.
iii) Sri Ranga III, the ruler of Vijayanagar
marched against Madurai, Thirumalai Nayak made an alliance with Nayaks of Senji
and Tanjore.
iv) The Muslim captured Vellore and threatened
Madurai.
v) Thirumalai Nayak attacked Mysore army and
practiced the same method of cutting the noses of the enemies.
vi) This strange event was termed as “war of
noses”.
Other works of Thirumalai Nayak
i) Thirumalai Nayak established an efficient
system of administration.
ii) He maintained peace and security
iii) He game a free hand to the Portuguese
and the Dutch.
iv) He shifted his capital from Trichy to
Madurai.
v) He repaired many temples.
vi) He patronized the renowned Sanskrit
school neelakanda Dikshidar.
2. Explain the contributions of the Nayaks in
the field of art, architecture and literature.
Art and Arcitecture
i) The Nayak were great patrons of art and
architecture
ii) The krishnapuram temple and Nellaiappar
temple at Thirunelveli, kasi Viswanatha temple at Tenkasi, Ramanathapuram
temple at Rameshwaram and the Bing Gopura of Srivilliputhur received the
patronage of the Nayak of Madurai.
iii) He also provided golden roof to the
mandapa of the Meenakshi temple.
iv) Thirumalai Nayak built with, the help of
halian architech.
v) Big Mandapam at Thiruvannamalai
Virudachalam etc., were built by him.
vi) He completed the tower of Arunachaleswarar at Thiruvannamalai
Literature
i) The Nayak made great contribution for the
growth of literature.
ii) Thirumalai Nayak’s Chidhambarapuranam,
Paranjothiar’s Chiadambarapattial, Haridasa’s Irusamaya vilakkam were the
literary works of the Nayaks period.
1. Doctrine of
Lapse was introduced by __________.
a) Lord Dalhousie
b) Lord Amherst c) Lord Hastings
Ans : a) Lord
Dalhousie
2. _______________
was annexed by Lord Dalhousie due to misgovernment
a) Satara b) Jhansi c) Oudh
Ans : c) Oudh
3. The Hindu Widow
Remarriage Act was passed in _____________
a) 1853 b) 1855 c) 1856
Ans : c) 1856
4. The first
railway line was laid between Bombay and _____________
a) Madras b) Thana c) Pune
Ans : b) Thana
5. The Sepoy –
mutiny (Great revolt) broke out in______________.
a) 1848 b) 1857
c) 1858
Ans : b) 1857
6. The second
Burmese was broke out in _________________.
a) 1848 b) 1852 c) 1857
Ans : b) 1852
7. In 1856 railway
line was laid between _______________.
a) Mumbai and Thana b) Thana and Poona
c) Madras and
Arakkonam
Ans : Madras and
Arakkonam
8. The father of
Indian Railway is ______________.
a) Dalhousie b) Hastings c)
Wellesley
Ans : a) Dalhousie
9. During the
period of Dalhousie the army headquarters was shifted from Calcutta to ________.
a) Delhi b) Bengal
c) Simla
Ans : c) Simla
II.
Fill in the blanks:
1. Lord Dalhousie
became the Governor General of India in ___________.
Ans : 1848
2. _________ was
the first kingdom to be annexed by the British under the Doctrine of Lapse.
Ans : Satara
3. Ganga Canal was
constructed during the reign of ___________.
Ans : Dalhousie
4. Dalhousie
annexed __________ at the end of the second Anglo Sikh was
Ans : Punjab
5. During the
period of Dalhousie ___________ was made the summer capital
Ans : Shimla
6. ____________ was
the winter capital during Dalhousie period.
Ans : Calcutta
7. Dalhousie
introduced _________ postal system
Ans : Half anna
8. _________ is
called the “Maker of modern India”.
Ans : Lord
Dalhousie
III.
Match the following
1.
First railway line
a) adopted son of Baji Rao II
2.
Woods Despatch
b) Nawab of Oudh
3.
Nana Sahib
c) 1853
4.
Wajid Ali Shah
d) 1854
Ans : 1 – C, 2 – D,
3 – A, 4 – B
IV.
Answer the following in one word:
1. When was the
second Anglo – Sikh war fought?
Ans : 1848
2. Who set up
Public works Department?
Ans : Lore
Dalhousie
3. Name the
Universities set up during the period of Dalhousie?
Ans : Madras,
Bombay, Calcutta
V.
Answer the following questions briefly:
1.
What was the Doctrine of Lapse?
If the ruler of a
dependent state in India died without male son, his adopted son would not
succeed him. But the state would pass back to the British. The adopted son
would inherit only the personal property of the deceased.
2.
What principles were adopted by Dalhousie to expand the British Empire in
India?
i) By Doctrine of
Lapse
ii) By wars
iii) On the grounds
of mis – government
3.
Name the states annexed through the Doctrine of Lapse
Dalhousie annexed
Satara, Jaipur, Sambhalpur, Udaipur, Jhansi, Nagpur through the Doctrine of
Lapse.
4.
“Dalhousie was called the Father of Indian Railway” Justify.
i) Dalhousie is
credited with the introduction of Railways.
ii) During his
period the first railway line was laid between Bombay and Thane in 1853.
iii) In 1854 a
railway line was laid from Howrah to Ranikanj.
iv) In 1856 a
railway line was laid between Madras and Arakonam. Hence, Dalhousie was called
the father of Indian Railways.
VI. Answer in detail:
1. Describe the reforms introduced by Lord
Dalhousie.
Dalhousie introduced reforms in various
fields.
Administration
reforms
i) During the time of Dalhousie, Lieutenant
Governor was appointed to look after the affairs of Bengal.
ii) Provinces were divided into districts.
iii) Each district was put under Deputy
Commissioner.
Introduction
of Railway
i) Dalhousie is credited with the
introduction of Railways, in India.
ii) During his period the first railway line
was laid between Bombay and Thane in 1853.
Post
and Telegraph
i) Post and telegraph offices were set up
throughout the country.
ii) He appointed a Director General to
supervise the work of post offices in all presidencies.
iii) He introduced ½ Anna (3 Paise) postal
system.
Commercial
reforms:
i) Dalhousie introduced free trade.
ii) Madras, Bombay and Calcutta were improved
iii) He improved several harbours with modern
facilities
iv) He encouraged the trade relations between
India and English.
Social
reforms
i) He tried to abolish
ii) He suppressed the thugs
iii) In 1856 the Hindu widow Re – marriage
Act was passed
Educational
reforms
i) During Dalhousie period Sir Charles Wood’s
Despatch in 1854 introduced certain educational reforms in India.
ii) The Department of Public instruction form
primary to province
iii) A number of educational institutions
from primary to University level were established.
iv) An engineering college was also
established in Roorkee.
Military
reforms
i) Gurkhas were encouraged to join the Indian
army
ii) Army headquarters was shifted from
Calcutta to Shimla.
iii) Lord Dalhousie was the youngest.
Governor General of India. His period is ever remembered for the introduction
of railways posts and telegraphs. Hence he is called the “Maker of modern
India”.
1. The first Battle
of Panipat was fought in A.D 1526
a) 1536 b) 1526 c)
1506
2. Shershah has
been called as the “Fore – runner of Akbar.
a) Akbar
b) Humayun c) Shah
Jahan
3. Jahangir set up a “ Chain of
Justice”
a) Aurangazeb b) Jahangir c)
Babur
4. Guru Arjun Dev
was the fifth sikh guru
a) Fifth b)
Ninth c) Tenth
5. Babu defeated
Rana Sanga in the Battle of Kanwah
a) First Battle of Panipat
b) Battle of Kanwah
c) Battle of Gaghra
6. The Father of
modern currency is Shershah
a) Babur b) Shershah c) Akbar
7. Chand Bibi was
the ruler of Ahmed nagar
a) Ahmed nagar b)
Bijapur c) Akbar
8. Akbar’s tomb at
Sikhandara was built by Jahangir
a) Nurjahan b) Jahangir c) ShaJahan
9. Akbar ascended
the throne at the age of 14
a) 13 b) 14 c) 15
II.
Fill in the blanks:
1. Humayun means Fortunate.
2. In the second
Battle of Panipat, Akbar defeated Hemu.
3. The reign of Shahjahan has been called as the
“Golden Age of the Mughals”.
4. Tansen lived in
the court of Akbar.
5. The last Sultan
of Delhi was Ibrahim Lodi.
6. Babur became the
ruler at the age of 11.
7. Babur defeated
Medini Rai in the battle of Chauderi.
8. Babur wrote his
autobiography called Tuzuk-i-Babri.
9. The last great
Mughal emperor was Aurangazeb.
III.
Match the following:
A
1.
Rana sanga
(a) 1587
2.
Din – I – Ilahi
(b) Revenue system
3.
Second Battle of Panipat
(c) Ruler of Mewar
4.
Raja Toolar mal
(d) 1556
Ans. 1 – (C), 2 –
(a), 3 – (d), 4 – (b)
B
1.
Sherkhan
a) Lion king
2.
Jahangir
b) king of the world
3.
NurJahan
c) Light of the Palace
4.
ShahJahan
d) Conqueror of the world
Ans : 1 – a, 2 – e,
3 – d, 4 – c, 5 – b
IV.
Answer in one word
1. When was the
Battle of Kanwah fought? A.D.1527
2. How is
Jahangir’s Autobiography known as? Tuzuk
– I – Jahangiri
3. Who was
Akbar’s – guardian? Bairamkhan
4. Who was known
as the “light of the world”? Nur Jahan
V. Answer the following questions:-
1. How did Babu established the Mughal Empire in
India?
(i) Daulat Khan
Lodi invited Babur to invade India.
(ii) Babur accepted
invitation and invaded India.
(iii) He met
Ibrahim Lodi at Panipat on 21st April 1526 and the First Battle of Panipat
started.
(iv) Ibrahim Lodi
was defeated and killed in the battle field.
(v) The rule of
Delhi sultanate was brought to an end.
(vi) Thus Babur
laid the foundation for the Mughal empire in India.
2.
Sketch the role of NurJahan in the Mughal History?
(i) Jahangir married Nurjahan in 1611.
(ii) Nurjahan was
an intelligent, educated and cultured women
(iii) Although
Jahangir was the King, she exercised the real power.
(iv) The period
between 1611 – 1626 may be called as the Age of Nurjahan.
(v) But after the
death of jahangir in A.D.1627. She lost her importance.
3.
Write a note on the currency reforms of shershah.
(i) Shershah
abolished the old and mixed currency.
(ii) He fixed the
ratio between copper and silver coins.
(iii) He issued
silver and gold coins.
(iv) These coins
bore his name in Devanagiri scripts.
(v) These currency
reforms were formed to be useful to improve the general economic condition of
the nation.
(vi) Hench he has
been called the father of modern currency”.
4.
List any four causes for the downfall of the Mughal empire in India.
(1) Aurangazeb’s
religious policy.
i) The most
important cause was the religious policy of Aurangazeb.
ii) He ill– treated
the Hindus, the Rajputs and the Sikhs.
iii) This made them
the deadly enemies against the Mughals.
(2) Vast expanse of
the Mughal empire.
i) The Mughal
empire became very vast.
ii) It was very
difficult for the Mughal rulers to control the distance parts of the empire.
3) Weakness of
Aurangazeb’s Successors
i) The successors
of Aurangazeb were very weak.
ii) So they could
not check the disintegration of the empire.
4) Absence of the
law of Primogeniture
i) The absence of
the law of primogeniture was another cause for their downfall.
ii) There was a war
of succession among the sons after the death of each Mughal emperor.
5.
First battle of Panipat – write a short note.
i) Daulat Khan Lodi
invited Babur to invade India.
ii) babur accepted
this invitation and invaded India.
iii) Ibrahim Lodi
was defeated and killed in the battle field.
iv) The rule of
Delhi Sultanate was brought to an end.
6. Why is
Shahjahan called the Prince of Builders?
Shahjahan has been
called as the “Prince of Builders” and “Engineer king”. He found the Mughal
cities in Red Sandstone and left them in marbles. He built a new capital “Shahjahanabad”.
7.
Trace the Rajput policy of Akbar.
i) Akbar followed
cordial relations towards the Rajputs.
ii) He married
Jodhbai, the Princess of Jaipur.
iii) Akbar
abolished “Jizya” and “Pilgrimage taxes.
8.
What do you know about the last days of Shah Jahan?
i) Shahjahan fell
ill in A.D.1657.
ii) A war of
Succession broke out among his four sons.
iii) His third son
Aurangazeb imprisoned Shah Jahan in A.D.1658.
iv) He Passed away
in A.D.1666.
VI.
Answer the following:-
1.
Whose period is known as the “Golden of the Mughals”? – why?
i) The region of
Shahjahan is known as the “Golden Age of the Mughal’s.
ii) The power and
prestige of the Mughal empire reached its height during his time.
iii) There was both
prosperity and poverty during his period.
Prince
of Builders:
i) Shahjahan is
called the “Prince of Builders” and “Engineer king”.
ii) He found the
Mughal cities in Red sandstone and left them in white Marbles.
iii) He build a new
capital “Shahjahanabad”
Jama
Masjid:
i) It was build by
Shah Jahan at Delhi in white Marbles.
ii) It is
considered to be one of the largest mosques in the world.
The
Taj Mahal:
i) The Taj mahal is
the most famous building of Shah Jahan.
ii) It was built at
Agra on the banks of river Yamuna in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz.
iii) It is
considered as one of the seven wonders of the world and a dream in marble.
iv) It was built by
Ustad is a Chief architect of that time.
v) It’s estimated
cost was about Rs.20 Lakhs.
vi) It took nearly
22 years to complete it.
Other
Arts:
i) Fine arts like
music, Painting and literature reached a high and of development during the
time of Shahjahan.
ii) He was a great
Patron of arts and letters.
iii) Hence the
reign of Shahjahan is known as the “Golden age of the Mughals”.
2.
Give a brief account on the administration of the Mughals.
Central
administration.
i) The Mughal
administration system was in the nature of a military rule and was a
centralized despotism.
ii) The Emperor or
Padshah had all powers in his hands.
iii) He was an
absolute ruler.
iv) He was regarded
as the “Shadow of God on Earth”.
v) He was assisted
by a council of ministers.
Provincial
administration
i) For
administration convenience the empire was divided into a number of provinces
known as “Subas”.
ii) Each suba was
under a subedar or Governor.
iii) During Akbar’s
time there were 15 Subas.
iv) The Subedar was
in charge of the subas.
v) Each sarkar was
further divided into “Parganas”.
Revenue
Administration:
i) The main source
of income was the land revenue.
ii) Raja Todar mal,
the famous Revenue Minister helped Akbar in this field.
iii) Akbar made
improvement on Shershah’s land revenue system. So Shershah was called the
Fore-runner of Akbar.
iv) Akbar
introduced “Zabti” system.
v) All the lands
were measured with an uniform standard of measurement.
vi) Tax could be
paid in cash.
vii) The officers
were instructed to be kind with the peasants.
Military
administration:
i) The Mughal army
consisted of infantry, artillery, cavalry and elephantry.