6th History

1. What is mean by Mahajanapadas?

Great Kingdom

2. Who was the last King of Nanda dynasty?

Danananda

3. Where was Second Buddhist Council held?

Vaishali

4. By whom Dhanananda was defeated?

Chandra Gupta Maurya

5. By whom Buddhism was spread at Ceylon?

Nahendran Sangamidhra

I. Choose the correct answer:

1. —————- established the Kushan dynasty.

Kadphises I

2. The book Buddha Charita was Written by ———

Ashvaghosa

3. —— was the physian of the Gupta period

Saragar.

4. ————- was the king of Thaneswar

Harshavardhana

5. The period of Gupta was called the ———– of India.

Golden age

II. State whether True or False:

1. Peshawar was the capital of Kanishka. (True)

2. Si – yu – ki was written by Hieun Tsang. (True)

3. Ajilasim was the greek architect. (True)

4. Mehruli pillar belongs to the age of the Guptas. (True)

5. Ashvaghosa wrote Sutralankar. (True)

III. Match the following:

1. Fourth Buddhist council      – Kashmir

2. Samudra Gupta                    – AD 335 to 375

3. Kaniskha’s period                – AD 78 to 101

4. Bana                                    – Harshacharita

5. Harsha                                 – Priyadharshika

6. kushan                                 – yuech-chi- tribe

7. Ashoka II                             – Kanishka

8. Nalanda University              – Kumara gupta

9. Kadphises I                          – established Kushana Empire

IV. Answer the following:

1. Explain the back round of the Gandhara Art?

· The Gandhara art which combined the Indo- Greek style made new statue of Buddha and Bodhisatvas.

2. Why Gupta’s period is known as the Golden age of India?

The Gupta period is regarded as the golden age of Sanskrit literature. Kalidasa, Pasar and Visagathatha were the great scholars of the Gupta period.

The famous astrologer and Mathematician Aryabhatta,Varagamihira the famous physicians

Saragar, Susurudar and Dhanvatari belong to the Gupta period.

The Ajanta cave paintings and sculptures belong to the Gupta period.

The epics like Ramayana Mahabharatha, 18 Puranas and Panchathanthiras were compiled the

Gupta period. Hence Gupta’s period was considered the Golden age.

3. Mention the foreign invaders who were responsible for the decline of the Gupta.

The invasions of Pushyamithra and Huns were responsible for the decline of the Guptas.

4. Explain – Saka period and Gupta period.

Saka Period:  The year that Kanishka Ascended the throne was the beginning of Saka period.

Gupta period:

Gupta empire with Palatiputra its as capital.

Chandra Gupta I was the first important King of Gupta dynasty.The year of his carnations as considered as the beginning of the Gupta Period. Hence this period was considered the Golden age.

4. Discuss about Fahien and Hieun Tsang.

Fahien:  The Chinese traveler Fahien visited the Buddhist pilgrims centre’s during the period of

Chandra Gupta II

Hieun Tsang:

ü Hien Tsang visited India during the reign of Harsha.

ü He visited Kanauj, Prayag, Nalanda and Kanchipuram.

ü He stayed in Harsha’s court for some time.

I. Choose the best answer:

1. The one who built fort Pataliputra

Ajathasathra.

2. The book written by Megesthanese

Indica

3. Ashoka ascended the throne in

BC.273

4. The place where the Third Buddhist Councils held

Pataliputra

II. True or False:

1. Selucas Nikator was the ambassador of Megasthenese (True)

2. Mahapadmananda was the first king of Nanda dynasty (True)

3. Ashoka refused dharma Vijaya and accepted Dig Vijaya (False)

4. Ashoka was the first one to establish a welfare state for people (True)

5. Mahedra spread Buddhism at Ceylon (True)

III. Answer the following:

1. How did the Mahajapadas establish themselves?

· At the end of the Vedic period, the Janapadas fought with each other for the new fertile lands and mineral wealth.

· Ultimately the small Janapadas either defeated or joined themselves with the Mahajanapadas

· There were 16 powerful Mahajanapadas in north India during the period of Buddha

· The Magadha defeated others and became the most powerful Mahajanapadas.

2. To whom does the credit go in establishing the first empire in India? Explain

· The credit goes in establishing the first empire in India to Chandragupta Maurya.

· He revolted against the last Nanda king Dhana Nanda defeated him and took over the Magadha dynasty

· He defeated Selucas Nikator and annexed Afghanistan and Gandhara with his empire.

3. Ahoka was the one who established an Empire for the welfare of the People-Why?

· Ashoka constructed inns and hospitals for everyone irrespective of caste and creed.

· Medical assistance was given to cattle.

· Sacrifices were banned.

· The laws were altered on humanitarian basis.

· He appointed Dharma Mahamatras to help the people.

· So he was the first emperor who established the welfare state for people.

4. What are the causes for the change in Ashoka’s life?

· Ashoka waged a terrible war against Kalinga which was separated and annexed with the Mauryan empire.

· Ashoka was so upset and grief sticken at the sight of the war due to bloodshed.

· He took pledge that he would never wage a war again.

· This war was a turning point in his life.

· He gave up war and followed the policy of non-violence.

5. Explain the inscriptions used in the stone edicts of Ashoka.

· Ashoka’s royal proclamation and messages are inscribed on the walls of the caves, stone pillars and rocks that are kept all through his empire.

· Most of them are written in Prakrit, kharoshti in North western India. · These edicts depict Ashoka’s humanitarian love and non-violence.

1. How the Aryans migrated to India from Central Asia?

Kyber and bolan passes.

2. What was called Aryavartham?

The place where Aryan settled in India.

3. What is meant by Sapta sindhu?

The land of Seven Rivers.

4. What is family?

The basic unit of society.

5. Who was the head of Jana?

Rajan or King.

6. Name the two Vedic Periods.

1. Early vedic or Rig vedic period
2. Later Vedic Period

7. Who was the head of family?

Father

8. Name the 2 assemblies in Rig Vedic Period.

1. Sabha
2. Samiti

9. What were the main occupations of the rig Vedic Period?

Agriculture

10. Name any 2 women poets in the Vedic Period.

1. Abella
2. Kosa

11. What was the important administration region in the later vedic period?

Indus Valley

12. What was the metal widely used in the later Vedic Period?

Iron

13. Who were called Vaishyas?

Farmer, trader

14. What was the important animal of Dravidians?

Tiger

15. Name the animals worshipped by Aryans?

Bull

I. Choose the correct answer:

1. One who laid strong foundation to Jainism

Vardhamana Mahavira

2. The principles stressed by Jainism

Not to kill

3. A place in Tamil Nadu where you can see jain sculpture

Kazhugumalai

4. The place where Buddha was enlightened

Gaya

5. One of the most important kings who followed Buddhism

Ashoka

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. ————- was known as conqueror or Jina. Varthamana Mahavira

2. The principles stressed by Jainism are called ———— Tri Ratna

3. ———————is the place where Gometheswara statue is situated.

Saravanabelagola

4. The principles of Buddha are called ————

Eight Fold Paths

5. The organization of the Buddhist monks is called ———-Sangam

6. The Dharma Chakra in our National Flag is taken from the ————Pillar.

Ashoka

III. State whether the following statements are True or False

1. Mysore is the place where Gometheswara Statue is situated. (False)

2. The son of Buddha was Rahul. (True)

3. The founder of Jainism was Buddha. (False)

4. Mahavira aws the 24th Thirthankara. (False)

5. There are 24 spokes in the Ashoka Chakra. (True)

IV. Match the following:

1. Tripitaka                  – religious text of Jains

2. Hiniyana                  – who accepted Buddha as God

3. Sillapathikaram        – Jain literature

4. Deer park                 – Buddha’s first sermon

5. Mahayana                – worshipped Buddha as God

V. Answer the following:

1. What are the causes for the rise of Jainism and Buddhism?

The aims of these religions are to remove the superstitious beliefs, unwanted religious rituals and

the caste discrimination.

2. Describe the Triratnas insisted on by Jainism.

Three Gems or Triratna:

· Right Knowledge

· Right Belief

· Right Action

3. Write short note on the contribution of Jains to Tamil Literature.

Contribution of Jains to Tamil Literature:

v Sillapathikaram

v Chivagachinthamani

v Vallayapathi

v Soodamani

4. Write Four Noble Truths of Buddha.

The Four Nobel Truths are:

v Life is full of sorrow

v Desire is the cause of sorrow

v Sorrow can be ended by giving up desire

v The eightfold path is the way to end sorrow

5. Mention the eight Fold Paths to overcome desire.

The Eight – Fold Paths to overcome desire:

v Right belief

v Right speech

v Right living

v Right memory

v Right effort

v Right thought

v Right action

v Right meditation

VI. Answer the following:

1. Explain the distinctive feature of Jainism

v Human beings are responsible for their own problems.

v We should not harm any living being.

v He asked his follower to follow his principles of Ahimsa or Non – Violence

Triratna :

v Right Knowledge

v Right Belief

v Right Action

Five Doctrines:

v Ahimsa (non – Violence)

v Satya (Truth)

v Asatya (Non Stealing)

v Aparigraha (Non – Possession)

v Brahmacharya (Celibacy)

2. Explain ideas you like in Buddhism.

Buddha’s principles on suffering are the Four Noble Truths and the principles on conduct

are the ‘Eight Fold Paths’.

The Four Nobel Truths are:

v Life is full of sorrow

v Desire is the cause of sorrow

v Sorrow can be ended by giving up desire

v The eight-fold path is the way to end sorrow

The Eight – Fold Paths to overcome desire:

v Right belief

v Right speech

v Right living

v Right memory

v Right effort

v Right thought

v Right action

v Right meditation

I. Choose the correct answer:

1. The period of Rig Veda

BC 1500-1000

2. The unit of the currency used during the Rig Vedic Period————-

Nishka

3. The women who excelled in education in the Later Vedic Period——-

Gargi

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. The head of the Village was————-

Grahmini

2. Widows ———- was in practice during the Early Vedic Period.

Remarriage

3. Assembly that consisted of the Representatives of the people was —-

Samiti

4. According to ——– the widows would throw herself into the funeral pyre of her husband.

Sati

III. True or False:

1. Sabta Sindu is called the Land of Seven River (True)

2. The commander –in –chief was the senani (True)

3. Widows remarriages was not allowed in Rig Vedic Age. (False)

4. The basic unit of the society was family. (True)

5. Tiger was unknown to the Dravidian. (False)

IV. Match the following:

1. Satamana     – coins

2. Praja            – people of Kingdom

3. Rudra           – shiva

4. Head of Jana              – Rajan

5. Head of visu                – Vishwapathy

V. Answer the following:

1. List the ornaments of the Rig Vedic People.

· Both men and women wore more ornaments

· They wore earrings, necklaces, bangles, anklets.

· And wore bands on their foreheads.

2. What did the Brahmin students learn during the later Vedic period?

The Brahmin students learn in the Gurukul :

· Philosophy

· Logic

· Religion

· Grammar

· Astrology

· Medicine

· Discipline

· Mathematics

· Vedas

· Upanishads

· The royal children alone were taught Danur Veda.

3. Compare and contrast the qualities of the Aryan and the Dravidian Civilization.

Qualities of Dravidian	Qualities of Aryan
Main occupation – trade and agriculture	Main occupation – Cattle rearing and war
Wore cotton clothes.	Wore woollen, cotton and dresses made out of skin of animals.
Important animal bull. They worshipped bull.	Important animal cow. They worshipped cow.
Built houses out of burnt bricks.	Built houses out of bamboo and clay
Used copper. They did not know the uses of Iron	Used Iron
Tiger was known.	Tiger was unknown.
Horse was unknown.	Used horses.

I. Choose the correct answer:

1. The area that was considered as the most ancient one in the world

The area in the south of vindhiya

2. The land mass on the south Kanyakumari during pre-historic period

Continent of Kumari

3. The place where evolution of man began

Lemuria

4. Which year is considered as the birth year of Thiruvalluvar

BC 31

5. The city where the Second Sangam was held

Kapadapuram

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. ———– was the organization where the Tamil poets assembled and did the literary research  in Tamil

Kudal

2. The ———- were the ancestors of the people of Cape Comorin.

Ancient Tamilians

3. The historical period of the Tamil Began from —————- age.

Sangam

4. The grammar book ————- originated before Third Sangam.

Tolkappium

5. ———- was the most important occupation of the Sangam age.

Agriculture

III. Match the following:

1. Tolkappium             – book before Tamil Sangam

2. Mullai          – Forest area

3. Pandiyar Neduncheziyan – Yano Arrasan; Yanae Kalvan

4. Heroic death                               – Hero stone

5. Kurinchi                           – Mountain area

6. Neithel                             – Coastal area

IV. Answer the following:

1. Why is Tamil Known as classical language?

Scholars call Tamil a classical language, because it had developed without the help of other language.

2. Name the Tamil words which are used to denote the mode of travel at sea.

· Navai

· Kalam

· Kappal

· Thoni

· Odam

· Padagu

· Theppam and Katamaram

· Which are the words used to denote mode of the travel at sea.

3. Why is Madurai known as Kudal?

· The last Sangam was held in Madurai Muthoor.

· It was known as Kudal as the Pandiya kings patronized the poets and held research on Tamil

4. What are the countries with whom the Tamilians had trade?

They had Trade contact with

· Egypt

· Yavanam

· Rome

· China and

· Other Eastern countries.

· They followed barter system.

5. Mention the physical divisions of the land during the Sangam age.

· Kurinchi – Mountain area

· Mullai – Forest area

· Marutham – Cultivatable area/ agriculture

· Neidel – Coastal area

· Palai – Drought area

6. Name the famous pandya kings.

The pandya king Mudathirumaran and Thalaiyalanganathu Cheruvendra Neduncheziyan.

7. Name important Chera kings

The famous, Chera kings Imayavarmban Neduncheralathan and Sillambu Pugazh Cheran Senguttuvan.

8. Write notes on Karikal Peruvalathan.

· Karikalan who ruled over two thousand years ago conqured Ealam.

· He made the capatives build the bankriver Cauvery.

· Kallainai which exists even today was built by him.

· This famous king was called Karikal Peruvalathan.

9. Name the Kadaiyelu Vallalgal.

· The seven chieftains were called as Kadaiyelu Vallalkal.

· The famous among them were:

· Pari,

· Ori,

· Kari,

· Nalli,

· Elini,

· Pegan and Aay.

10. Mention the social satatus of women during the Sangam age.

· Women had the privilege of choosing their life partners.

· Parents agreed to that.

· Women were not treated as per the Vedas.

V. Answer in Detail:

1. Write the characteristic features of the ancient Tamil.

· Tolkappium which was a pride to Tamil Literature.

· Tamil literature would have developed a few thousand years ago.

· Tamil which is adoptive to grammatical norms and is called Senthamizh.

· Scholars call Tamil is classical language

· Because it had developed without the help of other languages.

2. Describe the First, Second and Third Sangam.

First sangam:

· The capital of Pandyas was Thenmadurai.

· Tamizhvalartha thalaisangam assembled there.

· Thenmadurai was taken away by the sea.

Second Sangam:

· In Kapadapuram the poets gathered and had the Second Sangam.

· The last sangam was held.

· That city also became a prey to tsunami.

Third Sangam:

· The last Sangam was held in Madurai Muthoor

· These sangams would have been for a long time.

3. Write about the sea trade of the Sangam Age.

· The language Tamil is abundant with words like Navai, Kalam, Kappal,Thoni,

Odam, Padagu, Theppam and Katamaram which are used to denote the mode of travel at sea.

· There were many ports like Puhar, (kaveri poompattinam) Korkai, Musiri, Thondi and vanchi.

· They had trade contacts with Egypts, Yavanam, Rome, China and other eastern countries. They followed the barter system.

I. Choose the correct answer:

1. Which of these help you to know about Indus valley Civilization?

Archaeological evidence

2. Mohenjo – daro means

Mound of Dead

3. Port Lothal of the Copper Stone age is in

Gujarat

4. Harappen civilization was

Civilization of Town

5. The unknown to Indus Valley people

Iron

6. Harappa in sindhi means

Buried city

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. The main God of the Harappa was———

Lord Shiva

2. The Excavation of the Indus Valley Civilization was done in ——-

1921

3. The Great Bath is situated at

Mohenjo – Daro

4. ————-was the writing used by Indus Valley people

Pictographic

III. Match the following:

1. Great bath    – Mohenjo – daro

2. Excavation   – 1921

3. Wheel          – pots

4. Terracotta    – Burnt city

5. Punjab         – Ravi

IV. Answer the following:

1. List the occupation of Harappans.

· In the Indus Valley there were agriculturist, artisans, traders, weavers, potters and blacksmiths.

· Agriculture was their maim occupation.

· They cultivated wheat and barley.

2. Write about the Great Bath.

· The most important structure found in the citadel was the Great Bath.

· It was built of kiln-fired bricks and sealed with a lining of bitumen.

· There were steps on both the sides of the pool.

· There were rooms on all the side of the pool for changing clothes.

· It was fed by water from a well and the dirty water was emptied by a huge drain.

3. What are the causes for the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization?

Causes for the decline of the towns:

· Wooden articles would have got destroyed by fire.

· Rivalry because of the civil war.

· Natural calamities and the change in the course of River Indus would have buried things.

· The Aryans would have destroyed these towns in order to succeed.

· The invasion of the foreigners.

4. Explain the writing of the Indus Valley people.

· The terracotta planks discovered here were engraved with letters.

· They were pictographic writing.

· Each page was written from right to left and left to right. · These writing are related to ancient Tamil writing.

I. Choose the correct answer:

1. Pre historic means.

Period having no written evidence

2. Old Stone Age

Wore leaves barks of trees and skin of animals

3. The first animal tamed by primitive man was

Dog

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. The early man ——————depending on nature.

Lived by

2. To know truths of ancient period we must read ————-

History

3. The Old Stone Age man used ————-stone

Flint.

4. The primitive age is ————- than the ancient period.

Earlier

5. We must read ———————–to know about primitive age.

Archeological evidence

6. The period when the tools were made up of iron was called ———–

Iron Age

7. New Stone Age man use —————– to make pots.

Wheel

III. Match the following:

1. Tamil Nadu – Athirampakkam

2. Andhra Pradesh – Karnool

3. Madhya Pradesh – Pimpit – Ca

4. Karnataka – Paghalkhat

IV. Answer the following:

1. What is history?

History is tells about the people who lived in the past with the evidence according to the age.

2. List the evidence to know about history.

v Food habits

v Custom

v Culture

v Historical notes

v Copper plates

v Palm leaves

v Stone edicts

v Literary works

3. What do you mean by Pre historic period?

The thing that belongs to the period ruins, fossils, horn, and bones of the animals, tools made of stones and skulls.

With help of these we know about the pre historic period of India.

4. What are the four classification of the pre historic period?

· Paleolithic age – old age.

· Neolothic age – new age.

· Chalcolithic age – copper age.

· Iron age – iron age.

5. What are the dresses of the early man?

Early man wore dresses mad out of leaves, skin of the the animals and barks of the trees.

6. Write a short note on New Stone age?

The next stage in the evolution of man is known as New Stone age.

During the age he used to polish curved sharp stone and weapons in this period. He started to produce food and wheel was invented.

As a result of this he was able to transports things from one place to another place easily.

With the help of wheels he made pots.

7. Draw and compare any four tools of Old Stone Age and new Stone Age

Old stone age	New stone age
They used stone, branches of trees and bone and horn of the animals to hunt animals.	They used axes, handle made out of bone fishing hooks needle and chopper to hunt animals.